下列对“根据树干基部的年轮,可以推测树木的年轮”这句话的理解错误的一项是

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(1)【◆题库问题◆】:[单选,材料题] 下列对“根据树干基部的年轮,可以推测树木的年轮”这句话的理解错误的一项是 根据以下内容回答下面的题目树木都是比较长寿的,自然界中常有许多百年以上的大树,甚至也有上千年的古树。一般比较准确地确定古树的年龄,多用“数年轮”的办法。 什么是年轮呢?就是木本植物茎干横断面上的同心轮纹,在树木茎干的韧皮部内侧有一圈细胞生长特别活跃,分裂也极快,能够形成新的木材和韧皮组织,被称为形成层。可以说树干的增粗全靠它的力量,这些细胞的生长情况在不同的生长季节中有明显的差异。春天到夏天的天气是最适于树木生长的,因此形成层的细胞分裂较快,生长迅速。所产生的细胞体积大,细胞壁薄,纤维较少,输送水分的导管数目多,称为春材或早材;到了秋天,由于形成层的细胞的活动逐渐减弱,产生的细胞当然也不会很大,而且细胞壁厚,纤维较多,导管数目较少,叫做秋材或晚材;当年的早材与晚材逐渐过渡,组成一轮,而晚材与次年的早材之间,界限分明,出现轮纹,根据树干基部的年轮,可以推测树木的年轮。 但是也有一些植物,如柑橘,年轮就不符合这种规律,我们叫它“假年轮”,因为它们每一年能够有节奏地生长三次,形成三轮。此外,在热带地区的树木,由于气候季节性的变化不明显,形成层所产生的细胞也就没有什么差异了,年轮往往不明显。 古树年轮的研究,对近年开展的古气候讨论以及空气污染情况的研究祁大有助益,首先树木的生长与气象的关系最为密切,从年轮宽,生长量大,推出那一时期风调雨顺,气温适宜;反之,年轮窄,则雨水稀少或干旱无雨,或气温过高或过低。美国科学工作者通过研究450株“世界爷”的年轮,发现它所记录的近百年气候变化,竟与现有文字记录相吻合;我国兰州大学在祁连山区采集900岁以上的圆柏树,发现其年轮宽窄变化与我国近1000年的气候变化相一致。此外,采用科学手段。可以从年轮里观察出空气污染的程度。美国人对二氧化碳及氧化物散落较多的军工厂附近的43株美国五针松及50棵鹅掌楸进行年轮分析,发现这些树木的历年生长量与该厂排放的污染物质的多少有密切关系,污染物多,树木生长量就少。 下列对树木年轮的解释,最准确的一项是
A.树木都是比较长寿的,自然界中常有许多百年以上甚至上千年的古树。
B.树木茎干的韧皮部内侧的细胞在不同的季节生长情况有明显的差异。
C.当年的早材与晚材逐渐过渡,组成一轮,而晚材与次年的早材之间,界限分明,出现轮纹。
D.除个别植物外,大多数植物符合这种一年增长一轮的规律。

【◆参考答案◆】:A

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(2)【◆题库问题◆】:[单选] 下列关于消化道神经支配的叙述,错误的是(  )
A.整个消化道都受交感神经和副交感神经双重支配
B.副交感神经的作用是主要的
C.支配消化道的副交感神经主要来自迷走神经
D.大部分副交感神经节后纤维释放ACh递质
E.交感神经节后纤维大部分释放NE递质

【◆参考答案◆】:A

【◆答案解析◆】:略

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(3)【◆题库问题◆】:[单选] 回答{TSE}题Human needs seem endless.They might beregarded as making up several levels.When there is enough money to satisfy one level of needs,another level appears.Thefirst and most basic level of needs involves fooD.Once this level issatisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort ofshelter, appears.By the end of World War Ⅱ , theseneeds were satisfied for a great majority of Americans.Then a third level appeareD.It includedsuch items as automobiles and new houses.By1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfieD.Then, in thelate 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the"life-enriching level.While the other levels involve physical satisfaction,that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stressesmental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness.It includes a varietyof goods and services.Among them are vacation trips, the best medical anddental care, and recreation.Alsoincluded here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.Onthe fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first threelevels more isspent on goods.Afifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by communityaction.Consumers may be spending more on taxes topay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudicE.After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, andour minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoymore fully the good things on the first four levels.{TS}According to the passage, man willbegin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when________
A.he has saved up enough money
B.he has grown dissatisfied with hissimple shelter
C.he has satisfied his hunger
D.he has learned to build houses

【◆参考答案◆】:C

【◆答案解析◆】:【原文大意】人类的需求似乎是无止境的。它可分为几个等级。当有足够的钱满足一个等级后,下个等级就会出现在眼前。第一个也是最基本的等级是食物。一旦这个等级得到满足,对衣物和某种遮蔽之所的需求,也就是第二等级就出现了。第二次世界大战末,人们对这些的需求也满足了。然后是第三等级,包括汽车、房子。到1957年或l958年时,第三个等级也满足了。20世纪50年代末,第四个等级:“生活富裕”出现了。如果说前三个等级是吃饱、舒适、安全、交通这些物质方面的满足的话,第四个等级就是认可、成就、幸福这些精神上的满足。它包括不同的物质和服务,如假期旅行、最好的医疗和牙医、娱乐等。还包括最别致的物品、最时尚的服装。在第四个等级时,人们把大量的钱都花在了服务上,而前几个等级是花在商品上。第五个等级的需求恐怕只有通过团体才能实现了。消费者会给政府付更多的税以抵御疾病、文盲、犯罪、歧视等。在填满了我们的肠胃,丰富了我们的衣柜、更新了我们车库、修整了我们的牙齿、愉悦了我们的精神之后,我们现在所追求的是能够健康、安全、轻松地享受前四个等级的需求。【解析】第二段。根据文中所说,先填饱肚子才能想到保暖:衣物和遮蔽之所。选项C是正确的。

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(4)【◆题库问题◆】:[单选] 全胃肠营养液中必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的含量是(  )
A.1:1
B.1.2
C.2:1
D.1:3
E.3:1

【◆参考答案◆】:B

【◆答案解析◆】:略

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(5)【◆题库问题◆】:[多选] 交感神经节包括(  )
A.睫状神经节
B.肠系膜上节
C.腹腔神经节
D.肠系膜下节
E.器官旁节

【◆参考答案◆】:B,C,D

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(6)【◆题库问题◆】:[单选,材料题] The subject of this passage is ________.根据以下内容,回答下面的题目。Researchers have found that REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is important to human beings.This type of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of sleep lasting five minutes to forty minutes for each occurrencE.The deeper a person’s sleep becomes, the longer the periods of rapid eye movement.There are physical charges in the body to show that a person has changed from NREM (non-rapid eye movement) to REM sleep.Breathing becomes faster, the heart rate increases, and, as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly.Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic of REM sleep.It is during REM sleep that a person dreams.According to the passage, how often does REM sleep occur in one night?
A.why people sleep
B.the human need for REM sleep
C.the characteristic of REM sleep
D.physical changes in the human body

【◆参考答案◆】:D

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(7)【◆题库问题◆】:[多选] 使胰蛋白酶原活化的物质是(  )
A.糜蛋白酶原
B.肠激酶
C.胰蛋白酶
D.糜蛋白酶
E.碱

【◆参考答案◆】:B,C

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(8)【◆题库问题◆】:[单选] 心室肌的前负荷取决于(  )
A.收缩末期的心室容积
B.快速射血期的心室容积
C.等容舒张期的心室容积
D.快速充盈期的心室容积
E.舒张末期的心室容积

【◆参考答案◆】:E

【◆答案解析◆】:略

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(9)【◆题库问题◆】:[单选] 有关突触的叙述,错误的是(  )
A.神经元问相连接的部位
B.实现神经元间的信息传递
C.突触前膜释放递质传递信息
D.按结构分轴一舶、轴一树、轴一体突触
E.按功能分兴奋性、抑制性突触

【◆参考答案◆】:A

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(10)【◆题库问题◆】:[单选,材料题] In which city was the bus boycottorganized?回答下面的题目American Blacks experienced a revolutionafter 1945, a revolution in expectations.Following World War Ⅱ , the steady movement toward first-classcitizenship for Black people quickened, with significantactions taking place in courts of law, in voting booths, in restaurants and inthe streets of the nation.A decade of intense civil rights activity was launched in 1954 when theUnited States Supreme Court declared segregated schools to beunconstitutional. In 1955, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , effectivelyorganized the Blacks of Atlanta, Georgia, in a bus boycott. The boycott lastedtwo years, and when it was over, Blacks no longer were degraded by being forcedto sit or stand in the rear of buses.In 1960, a group of Black college students decided that they, as well aswhite persons, had the right to eat at a lunch counter in Greensboro, NorthCarolinA. This sit-in sparked anaggressive national movement and, in the next few years, thousands of young menand women--Black and White, North and South--overturned local laws and customsthat had maintained segregation. Sit-ins, pray-ins, freedom rides, freedommarches and demonstrations to open all schools to Black children took placeacross the nation.Several important actions took place tochange the status of black people
A.GeorgiA.
B.Greensboro.
C.North CarolinA.
D.AtlantA.

【◆参考答案◆】:D

【◆答案解析◆】:第二段。选项D是正确的。这是马丁·路德·金领导的一次为争取黑人平等的运动,该运动是所有黑人抵制公交公司,不乘坐他们的汽车,以求得废除黑人在公共汽车内只能在后排落座或站着的制度。英文的表达习惯是城市名在前,州名在后,中间通常用逗号隔开。Atlanta,Georgia是佐治亚州亚特兰大市。同样,Greensboro,North Carolina是北卡罗来纳州,格林斯伯罗市。但这个城市开展的是另一个运动。

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